The former player: 'I wanted to carry on playing'
Important note: This piece includes descriptions of discriminatory language and behaviour
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell says that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union brought his career to an premature end.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what occurred," he told reporters.
"I hoped to carry on competing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when word came out that there were investigations underway.
"That was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the fate and understand that this whole process is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but said it could not gather enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially overlooked for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered prejudice within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was eventually spurred to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and told him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed considerable attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to work for a environment of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and PWR club now has in-person training on building welcoming environments, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died shortly after the filming of the film, and his sister passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization works to reach children in disadvantaged communities and support them thrive both on the field with free sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is willing to share their story then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I grab the challenge by the horns and continue carrying this banner and continue carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to transform their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in late 2022